ગઝલનો એક સુવર્ણ યુગ : મલ્લિકા-એ-ગઝલ ‘બેગમ અખ્તર’

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“ટેપ રેકોર્ડર મેં મેરી આવાઝ ગુમનામ હો જાયેગી ઔર મેં મર જાઉંગી તો?” આ માસુમ સવાલ કોલકાત્તાનાં મેગાફોન રેકોર્ડિંગ સ્ટુડિયોમાં મખમલી અવાજની સમ્રાજ્ઞની બેગમ અખ્તરે પૂછ્યો હતો. જવાબ તો મળ્યો નહીં પરંતુ રેકોર્ડિંગ પછી દેશને પદ્મશ્રી અને પદ્મવિભૂષણ ધરાવતું આ અનમોલ રત્ન મળ્યું. 

ઉર્દૂ ગઝલનાં સુવર્ણ યુગનો શરૂઆતી દૌર હતો. 7 ઓક્ટોબર 1914 ઉત્તરપ્રદેશનાં ફૈજાબાદમાં અઝગર હુસૈન અને મસ્તુરી બેગમનાં ઘરે અખ્તરી અને અહમતી નામની જુડવા બાળકીઓનો જન્મ થયો. અહમતીનું બાળપણમાં જ મૃત્યુ થયું. જયારે 1974માં અખતરી (બેગમ અખ્તર)નું મૃત્યુ થયું, છતાં આજે પણ  20મી સદીના તમામ પ્રેમીઓને મોઢે અખ્તરની ગઝલ સાંભળવા મળે છે. તે ગઝલ વિશ્વમાં આજે પણ જીવી રહી છે. તાજેતરમાં જ બેગમ અખ્તરની જન્મ જયંતી હતી. બાળપણમાં બીબી તરીકે ઓળખાતી આ બાળકી આજે વિશ્વમાં “મૌસીકી -એ-હિન્દ” તરીકે ઓળખાય છે. તેમને સંગીતની તાલીમ પટીયાલા ઘરાનાના અતા-મહોમદખાન પાસેથી લીધી હતી, ત્યારબાદ ક્યારે પણ પાછું વળીને જોયું નથી. ગાવાની શરૂઆત કેખુશરું કાબરાની પારસી નાટક મંડળી અને થીયેટર્સમાં કરી. પણ ગઝલના આ સિતારાનો સૂર્યોદય મેગાફોન રેકોર્ડિંગ સ્ટુડીઓમાં થયો હતો.

બેગમ અખ્તરને પાન અને  સિગારેટના દમ વગર જીંદગી કાઢવી મુશ્કેલ લાગતી હતી. બચપણથી જ દુ:ખના આરોહ -અવરોહ વિલંબીતથી દ્રુત લયમાં આંખમાં તરતાં જોયા હતાં, જે આજીવન તેમની સંગતમાં જ રહ્યા. તેમના દ્વારા ગવાતા ગઝલના મત્તલામાં પણ આ દર્દ અનુભવાય છે. બેગમની ઠુમરી, દાદરા, ટપ્પાના જૂના રેકોર્ડીંગ આજના સમયે પણ એટલા જ મંત્રમુગ્ધ કરી દે છે. અખ્તર પોતાની ગાયકી અને નાકમાં પહેરેલાં ચમકતાં ડાયમંડની ચાંદની માટે પણ પ્રખ્યાત છે.

            મહેબુબનાં કહેવાથી ફિલ્મોમાં ગાવાની અને અદાકારીની શરૂઆત કરી. ફિલ્મ “રોટી”માં અમીર છોકરીની ભૂમિકા ખુબ જ બિરદાવવામાં આવી. 1945 માં ઈસ્તાક અહમદ ઈસ્તાકી નામના ધારાશાસ્ત્રીએ બેગમ અખ્તરને લગ્ન માટે સલાહ આપી. બેગમ અખ્તરે ધારાશાસ્ત્રી સાથે જ લગ્ન કર્યા. ગઝલનો આ પ્રકાશીત સૂરજ વર્ષ 1942 થી 1950 સુધીમાં  મધ્યાહને પણ ગુમનામ જિંદગી જીવી રહ્યો હતો. પણ જીવનની એક ધટના ફરીથી આ મલ્લિક્કા-એ-ગઝલને ગાવા માટે પ્રેર્યા. વર્ષ 1950 માં માતા મસ્તરી બેગમનું અવસાન થતાં બેગમ અખ્તર ઊંડા શોકમાં ગરકાવ થયા, જેની માઠી અસર તેમના સ્વાસ્થ પર પડી. વકીલ પતિને ડોક્ટર્સએ સલાહ આપી કે તેમને ફરીથી ગઝલ ગાવાની શરૂઆત કરવા દો.

8 વર્ષના અંતરાલ પછી મધ્યાહને સૂર્ય પર લાગેલા ગ્રહણનો અંત આવ્યો અને ફરીથી ગઝલયાત્રા ચાલુ થઈ, જે જીવનનાં અંતીમ શ્વાસ સુધી અવિરત ચાલી.

            પંડિત જસરાજ જેવા સંગીત માર્તંઙ પણ તેમની ગઝલોનાં દિવાના હતા. માત્ર છ વર્ષની ઉંમરે જસરાજજી બેગમ અખ્તરની 

“દિવાના બનાના હો તો દિવાના બના દે,

વરના કહીં તકદીર તમાશા ના બના દે.”

સાંભળીને બેગમ તરફ પ્રેરાયા હતા. બેગમ અખ્તરે જિંદગીનાં પાછલાં વર્ષોમાં પારિવારીક દુ:ખ સહન કરવાનો વારો આવ્યો હતો. 

ઉત્તરપ્રદેશના ફૈઝાબાદમાંથી છેડાયેલા ગઝલના આ સૂર ગુજરાતમાં જ જાણે સમ પર આવ્યાં હતાં. બેગમે જિંદગીના આખરી વર્ષો સુરેન્દ્રનગરનાં પાટડી નજીક બજાણા સ્ટેટમાં ગાળ્યાં. બજાણા સ્ટેટનાં ભાયાત બચુભાઈ સાહેબખાનનાં આમંત્રણથી બેગમ અખ્તર તેમનાં ભજનો સાંભળવા માટે આવતાં હતા. બજાણામાં આજે પણ અખ્તરના ઓરડા તરીકે એ જગ્યા ઓળખાય છે. પણ દુ:ખ એ વાતનું છે કે જે ઓરડામાં ક્યારેક ઠુમરી, દાદરા, ટપ્પા અને ગઝલની બંદીશ ગૂંજતી હતી ત્યાં અત્યારે ખંડેર હાલતમાં પશુ દવાખાનું કાર્યરત છે. 

જિંદગીના રસને પીવામાં કરો જલ્દી મરીઝ

એક તો ઓછી મદીરા છે ને ગળતું જામ છે..

ગુજરાતી ભાષાના ગાલિબ દ્વારા આ ગઝલ કદાચ બેગમ અખ્તર માટે જ લખાઈ હશે. 30 ઑક્ટોમ્બર 1974 ના રોજ અમદાવાદના ટાઉનહૉલમાં મરીઝની આ ગઝલ રજૂ કરી અને પૂર્ણ થતાની સાથે જ રંગમંચ પર જ આ મહાન અદાકારા પોતાની જિંદગીના રસને પીવાનું છોડી દીધું અને મિત્ર નિલમ ગમાડીયાના ખોળામાં ગઝલના સુવર્ણ યુગનો અંત થયો.

By Jaydip Parmar

[email protected]

 

 

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